Financial Report and Its Relevance to Investment Decision

INTRODUCTION: Financial reporting is the process of recording, evaluating and communicating financial information where as investment involved the allocation of resources to investment proposal whose benefit can be derived in future. Shareholders and investors are concerned with value of their investment and any income they expect to drive from shareholdings. Financial reports give them an account of how directors have handled resources given to them. The company Act specify directors’ emoluments, personal interest in contracts showing shareholders what personal benefits directors have derived from the business. Shareholders may exercise their voting rights on what is shown in the accounts especially when they vote for the appointment†¦show more content†¦Therefore, management still does not pay much attention to the needs of having adequate and useful information before attempting to make an economic decision. 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Essay on Bagel Hockey Case - 1344 Words

The Bagel Hockey Case describes the work environment of a cafeteria at a training academy. Most of the non-management employees are students, who show very little interest in their jobs. They are satisfied with doing just enough work to retain their positions and not be reprimanded for poor performance. The atmosphere at the cafeteria is very relaxed and even the managers joke with others. Mrs. Laraby is a manager that is in charge of scheduling, hiring, and firing. She promotes a relaxed and casual work environment, but always expects her employees to follow the company guidelines. The staff has a great deal of respect for Mrs. Laraby and even jokes around with her.†¦show more content†¦This situation certainly presents problems for Mrs. Laraby. She needs to find out if this was an isolated event or if horseplay is prevalent when she is not around. Lack of motivation is clearly a problem that must be dealt with. Another issue that must be considered is if the three employees and manager will be reprimanded for their actions. The job design needs to be reviewed to determine if changes need to be implemented. The behavior of the student employees is very alarming. Bad management is at the root of the problem. The student employees are in desperate need of better leadership. They are unmotivated and have no incentive to work hard and be productive. Another cause of the student employees’ behavior is the cultural view of working in a cafeteria. In the United States, an hourly pay rate service job is not highly regarded. These types of jobs are not considered to be very desirable. As a result, the student employees most likely have low morale and will not be very disappointed if they lose their job. Even more alarming than the behavior of the student employees, is that of the students’ supervisors. The supervisors are part of the group working at the cafeteria. Every member of aShow MoreRelatedAHSC 20Assignment Essay5025 Words   |  21 Pagesand leisure contains elements of work. In my case these were usually surrounding cooking and eating. Both of these things are essential for human beings but for me they are usually in a social setting. Eating is something most people thoroughly enjoy but may not consider it to be leisure. I feel the same way but when I eat with my girlfriend and/or friends when they come over I find myself very relaxed and enjoy the food and conversation. In this case, an essential activity was very enjoyable soRead MoreWhat Are Cultural Factors That Promote Caribbean Integration6924 Words   |  28 Pagescountries and helped shape (through advertising) the lifestyle aspirations of people—especially the young. Vendors of traditional foods have resp onded by adapting the fast-food industry’s approach to the promotion, production and sale of food. In some cases the fast-food giants have adapted their products to the cultural context in which they operate. Cultural diffusion: the dispersion, or spread, of different cultural elements between countries. Cultural adaptation: the modification of a culture toRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pagessuccessfully investing in and managing these assets lies in understanding not only what the value is but also the sources of the value. Any asset can be valued, but some assets are easier to value than others and the details of valuation will vary from case to case. Thus, the valuation of a share of a real estate property will require different information and follow a different format than the valuation of a publicly traded stock. What is surprising, however, is not the differences in valuation techniquesRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesUnderstanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive S tyle 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 90

Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest Free Essays

In this assignment I will be investigating Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest. I have been given a hypothesis, which I have to agree or disagree with the statement by using the sources and from my own research. The hypothesis I have been given is ‘Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest is a major global environmental issue that only the Brazilian government can solve’. We will write a custom essay sample on Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest or any similar topic only for you Order Now The whole issue is about deforestation, Deforestation is the felling and clearance of the forest land. It began in the Mediterranean lands many centuries ago. Today is mainly taking place in the less economically developed countries that have the tropical rainforests as their natural vegetation. The Amazon rainforest in Brazil is one of the largest rainforest in the world, it contains 50% of the world’s animal population and it produces one third of the world’s oxygen. Pharmatical Company’s across the world use plants from the forest to produce life saving medicines for the people of the world. How and why is the rainforest being cleared ? There are many reasons to why the rainforest is being cleared. One of them is that the Brazilian government has allowed deforestation to take place in the Amazon rainforest is because they are in debt. They have let the Multinational companies deforest the rainforest so that they can raise money to pay off their debt owed to the banks in the MEDC countries. These developments are taking place now in the Amazon rainforest e.g. Commercial logging, cattle ranches, raw materials, mining and e.t.c. when these development takes place large areas of the rainforest has to be cleared out. From my research I found out that only 5% of the forest trees are actually wanted by the loggers but to get those trees they have to damage or destroy 65% of the remaining ones. What groups benefit from deforestation in the Amazon rainforest ? They are many people and groups that benefit from deforestation in the Amazon rainforest. Mostly the MNC’s, they have cleared large areas for cattle ranching. They have burnt down trees and replaced it with grass. Then the beef which is produced from the cattle ranches is gone to Europe and US to be made into burgers. The MNC’s are also involved in logging, which has been permitted only in 13 designated areas. Source E supports my point, it says that â€Å"The USA is the main importer of Brazilian mahogany†. The multinational companies pay tax for every area they felled but they benefit from it because the money goes back to the banks in MEDC countries to pay off their debts. The external debt of Brazil’s is getting lower by letting people and companies fell the trees in the rainforest as you can see in Source G shows a graph of the external debt of Brazil, which shows at the beginning the debt was low and then in the middle it got higher and now its getting lower. This source is consistent with Source J because it tells how the external debt got higher. In the Amazon rainforest large areas are being cleared to make hydro electric PowerStation because it rains a lot in the rainforest so there is unlimited water supply. The HEP stations provide cheap and plentiful energy for transport, domestic use and industry. The mining companies also benefit from it because there are huge deposits of iron ore, copper, gold, bauxite and other minerals in the rainforests. So these companies have felled the trees to build roads through the forest to reach these deposits. What are the negative consequences of deforestation ? Deforestation has many negative consequences globally and locally. The Amazon rainforest in Brazil is responsible for producing one third of the world’s oxygen. Many trees have been felled, which has increased global warming because carbon dioxide is getting higher. Because of the increase of carbon dioxide it has started to destroy the ozone layer, which then lets the harmful rays from the sun reach earth. As you can see source O States how carbon dioxide goes into air and also source P which also shows that America is the largest polluter. Source R also shows us that if there were no trees there won’t be any oxygen, it also shows in the picture the clouds representing pollution. The other consequences are loss of wildlife where birds and insects rely on trees for food and shelter. There is a loss in medicine. It has also killed 96% of the Indians living in the rainforest because of the arrival of the Europeans. Those remaining have been driven from their homes by the constructions of roads, mines, reservoirs, cattle ranches and also forced to live in reservations. Source A talks about the Indians who are dying as development takes place. Their life styles are changing. The felling of the trees has also led to soil erosion by the rain in the rainforest. It rains every half and hour and is led to frequent flooding because there are no trees. All the rich soil which has the humus in it is flowed away by the flooding. After the rain there is a lot of heat given by the sun which bakes the poor soil, which then the areas of the forest which don’t have trees turn into deserts. As it is also stated in source F in the second paragraph that the â€Å"Scientific studies have repeatedly shown that the Amazon soil is not suitable for agriculture and cattle ranching†. The hardwood is also becoming endangered. Source E also shows that the MNC’s buy raw material like mahogany which they know come in illegal areas which they turn the blind eye on purpose. This source also talks about slavery which existed in the rainforest, which was abolished in 1888. People went to complain to the police about this but the police were corrupt and bribed and w ere useless. Government Actions The government is facing great problems now like the debts its facing which is getting higher everyday because of its interests. Brazil is trapped in the cycle of poverty. The government is also involved in causing more global warming and itself has done some deforestation in the rainforest. The other actions the government took was when the cities in the south east were very overcrowded and they reduce this problem by giving these people land in the middle of the rainforest where there wasn’t a good infrastructure. The government has protected National Parks as it says in source C that the government has protected the rare areas of outstanding natural beauty to preserve and protect the future as these cannot be produced again. There are many companies who take advantage of Brazil’s cheap resources. The Brazilian government has employed people from the favelas to work for these companies so the profit does not go straight out of the companies. Evaluation of the sources used ! Source A is against development and it’s quite recent. It says it’s a Brazilian newspaper but we don’t know which one, we don’t know how many Amerindians there were in the beginning. It’s incomplete and it also tells us that the Multinational Companies (MNC’s) and the government are working together to move the people to the Amazon. Source C is about what is the government doing? This source is sustainable but it is inconsistence and has exaggerated the facts like when it says in the third paragraph â€Å"From 2001 to April 2002, it transferred 20 million hectares.† When the source was adapted from a Brazilian newspaper which we don’t know in March 2002. This shows that the dates were exaggerated because April 2002 had not come yet. Source E is against development and is reliable because it’s a broad sheet which is more reliable than tabloid. There are other reasons why is reliable that is it there has been an interview with the MNC’s, it’s got facts, its quite recent, it has got dates and it tells us the true corruption. Source F is against development. Although the first paragraph is reliable because of the via satellite which does not lie but the second paragraph we don’t know which scientific studies. Although this source is from the charity which most of the time charities exaggerate so that they get money and get known. But this source is reliable because they have done space research. Source G is for development because it’s showing that by letting the MNC’s deforest the rainforest their debt is getting lower. It is also reliable because it’s consistent with source J and we also know the newspaper. Source J is for development. The headline is exaggerated. It is very reliable because it’s consistent with source G but only the date is old. Source O is against development and it’s reliable because the source is adapted from the UN. This source is 5 years old. Source P is against development and it’s reliable because the source is from the UN. This source tells us that America is the largest polluter. This source is also 5 years old. Source R is against development. This source could be bias. This source shows us that the trees which provide oxygen are not there now, the clouds shows pollution and the person is getting bigger. Conclusion In my conclusion I agree with the hypothesis that only the Brazilian government can solve deforestation in the Amazon rainforest because they have started it and they are the one who can end it. One way they can make money without damaging or destroying the rainforest is by increasing their export so that their trade becomes surplus, that means that they export more than they import and by doing this they will get more money. There are two conflicts of interest in the rainforest. One is the groups that want to use the rainforest to make money. The other group of people wants to protect the rainforest and leave it as it is. In the middle are the people who live there. These people living in the forest want to preserve and use the resources from the forest to improve their standard of living. The solution to this is to manage the rainforest sustainable which is using the resources carefully like when cutting down the trees needed you shouldn’t destroy the surroundings with it. The Brazilian government can also charge more tax for every area the MNC’s deforest and also make them plant 3 more trees in that area. How to cite Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, Papers Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest Free Essays In this coursework I will be investigating deforestation and stating my opinion on whether I think it should continue or not in the Amazon Rainforest In doing so I will identify the various different values and attitudes. In this assignment I will include maps as well as diagrams, graphs, charts. The Earth is a constant changing system; a serious type of change that is being contributed by man, is deforestation. We will write a custom essay sample on Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest or any similar topic only for you Order Now Deforestation is the clearing out of forests so that they can cultivated and used for other purposes. Due to this particular method of cultivating land it has resulted with vast areas of the Amazon rainforest being totally destroyed far beyond repair. Because of this scientists fear that many natural medicinal plants and vegetation may be lost permanently. Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest Deforestation robs the world of countless species, destroying crucial Biodiversity and losing species with potential uses in medicine, agriculture and industry. Biodiversity is important because it contributes to resiliency in my opinion and should take precedence. The main worry for environmentalists such as my self is that many species are being lost as their habitats are being destroyed. In a rainforest, certain small areas are individual, specific habitats themselves. This means that if one small area of the rainforest is cleared, it could mean that a whole series of species are wiped out. The clearing of trees causes the roots anchoring the soil in the land to be destroyed, the removal of leaves and branches that intercept eight out of every ten raindrops lead to soil erosion. These devastating effects cause the land to become inhospitable and lead to the further cutting down of trees to provide new agricultural land. Nearly 40 percent of all the tropical rainforest left in the world is in the Brazilian Amazon. Brazil, the largest country in South America, has perhaps the best opportunity remaining to save large tracks of tropical rainforest. Although Brazil has lost approximately 58 percent of its frontier forests (large tracks of relatively undisturbed old growth forest), the country still has are over 772,200 square miles of frontier forest, among the largest amount of any country worldwide. Brazil is also home to a second, less famous rainforest, the Atlantic Rainforest. This strip of rainforest extends from the northeast coast down to the southern state of Parana. Formerly covering more than 386, 100 square miles, only 5 percent of the original Atlantic Rainforest remains. Many species that live here, including river otters, jaguars, and armadillos, are at high risk of extinction due to habitat loss caused by logging and agricultural clearing. The Amazon is one of the world’s great rainforests and its river, is longer than any river but the Nile. The vast Amazon basin covers more than two and a half million square miles, more than any other rainforest but for how long will this be the case? The Amazon rainforest is located in South America, where its area takes up a quarter of the content. The forest is so large it spans nine countries French Guyana, Brazil, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. It has an extremely humid climate as do most rainforests due its equatorial location which means it rains frequently â€Å"The rain becomes trapped in canopy causing heat† Warm air caring water vapor will rise Warm air that falls here will become trapped in the canopy this will raise the temperature. The Amazon rainforest has many different species of plants and animals. For plant species there are between 5,000,000 and 30,000,000 (estimated). Only a little more than 30,000 have been classified and this represents 10% of all plants around the world. As for animal species there are about 324 mammals, and there are 2,500 to 3,000 species of fresh water fishes in the Amazon River. â€Å"Statistics in this paragraph were taken from: http://oz. plymouth. du/~lts/conservation/Ecosystems/amazon. html† Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest The Correlation between Deforestation And Soil Erosion: Once trees are felled there are no leaves to protect the soil beneath, from heavy rainfall also there are no roots to hold the saturated soil in place. When this occurs it makes it extremely easy for soil to be washed or blown away. Then the area of land becomes useless because you can’t build on it because foundations won’t be stable enough and you can’t cultivate it â€Å"grow crops† because nutrients such as silt etc have been washed/blown away. Nobody benefits. Soil Loss In Tones Per Hectare Per Year. : Bare Soil : Pasture : Crop Land : Rain/Forest As you can see when a area of land is bare the soil erosion is at its highest and when it’s left alone as Rain/Forest it’s at its lowest the activity of deforestation obviously affects the rain forest but soil erosion is a perfect example of a more subtle affect, it not only damages the rainforest directly but also damages cultivating potential for the area and any future plans you may have for the site e. g. building etc Deforestation occurs in many forms most of the clearing is done for agricultural purposes grazing, planting crops, cattle ranches etc. Poor farmers place pressure on the Brazilian government and local authorities to allow them to cut down small areas of Rainforest (typically a few acres) and burn the tree trunks in a process called slash and burn. Slash and burn is the traditional method used by the American Indianans of the rainforest and they all ways replace the areas they damage. Although this method is the most sustainaiable it’s the most dangerous and one of the most abused. Desperate farmers will request an area of land to be cultivated and purposely let the fire grow beyond control so they will be able to claim a few acres extra, due to the fact the slash and burn method is never exact and the method is so finial. â€Å"Once it’s done its done† the government feels they are powerless. Intensive or modern agriculture occurs on a far greater scale, sometimes deforesting several square miles at a time. Large cattle pastures often replace rainforest to grow beef and such like for the world market, mostly for fast the food industry. McDonald’s etc. Commercial logging is another common form of deforestation, cutting trees for sale as timber or pulp. Logging can occur selectively-where only the economically valuable species of tree are cut, or by clearcutting, where all the trees are cut. Commercial logging uses heavy machinery, such as bulldozers, road graders, and log skidders, to remove cut trees and build roads, which is just as damaging to the rainforest overall as the chainsaws are to the individual trees. Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest Deforestation by peasant farmers is often done to raise crops for self-subsistence, and is driven by the basic human need for food. Most tropical countries are very poor by U. S. standards, and farming is a basic way of life for a large part of the population. In Brazil, for example, the average annual earnings per person is U. S. $5400, compared to $26,980 per person in the United State The causes of deforestation are very complex. A competitive global economy drives the need for money in economically challenged tropical countries such as Brazil. Governments sell logging concessions to raise money for other vitial projects such as hospitials and schooling, to pay international debt, or to develop a more advanced industry infer structure. For example, Brazil had an international debt of $159 billion in 1995, on which it must make regular payments each year. The logging companies seek to exploit the rainforest and make a profit from the sales of pulp and valuable hardwoods such as mahogany. Brazil hasn’t got much to offer the world in material goods other than what resources it has in its Rainforest so their government feels that if they don’t continue to allow this clear and obvious exploitation of the rainforest they will fall behind in their payments and be unable to support their expanding population. I would describe Brazil as a middle income developing country I would place it in the same bracket as Mexico and Malaysia Its â€Å"GNP US $ PER CAPITA† is 3020 and it has a high infant mortality rate 57. One can only assume that a government would want to change these statistics and the easiest and quickest way for the brazilin government to get there hands on the money to do this is through the rainforest. Some other effects of deforestation are less rainfall so the cleared land becomes much drier possibly even a desert. More CO2 in the air this increases the greenhouse gasses causing global warming and climate change. Industry and power stations that have been built give off more C02 fewer trees to produce oxygen and absorb CO2. Fewer trees means less transpiration and this mean less water vapor in the air less water vapor in the air means less condensation overall. Many birds, insects, and animals rely upon the rainforest as a food source and for shelter. After deforestation they will either die or be forced to move away from there natural habitat when animals move some where else it will put a strain on other food chains and may even cause a mass extension. When the Rainforest is cleared peoples that lived there before are forced to leave and mix with the mainstream population this has had dire effects on them because when they mix with people outside the rainforest they develop illnesses that they had no immunity from there immune systems can’t cope with western illnesses â€Å"measles, influenza† Those who are brave enough to stick out and stay are soon driven out from their homes by the construction of roads mines and reservoirs. Many people who tri to resist developers are killed by developers. Trees absorb a tremendous amount of water if there are no trees the water will sink into the soil and change it to mud If it continues to rain many surrounding crops will be ruined because of flooding Humus Cycle In Area of Tropical Rainforest Rich Tree Growth Numerous Fallen Leaves Leaves Decay To for Humus Nutrients Added To Soil Humus Cycle In Area of Forest That’s Been Cleared Poor Quality Vegetation Fewer Trees And Leaves Less Humus Fewer Nutrients Added To Soil Less fertile Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest People Living In Urban Areas In Brazil % In This Graph you can see that the number of people choosing to live in urban areas is increasing dramatically this is one of the reasons the Brazilian government continues to clear vast areas of rainforest. The cleared areas can be turned into residential areas to house more and more people. Statistics for this graph were taken from the Key Geography book Cleared Natural Forest In Order To Build Roads For Mining Access In This graph you can see that Brazil has by far the highest clearance for mining access. This is because the Brazilian government export masses of mined goods found in and around the rainforest such as gold, sliver, and iron ore. Statistics for this graph were taken fromWWW. GREENPEACE. COM Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest Groups of people that support deforestation in the Amazon rainforest are the Logging and mining companies as well as the various governments. Multinational companies support deforestation because they are supplying for demand and a huge market, if people want mahogany furniture and rare gems/metals then they’ll go and clear entire forests in order to give it to them and make a huge profit in the process. These companies see developing countries as an easy target they can clear huge areas of forest and pay them a fraction of what they should do the ironic thing is they no they’ll be grateful for the money because they can barley support there expanding populations. As an outsider you would see these actions as inhuman and immoral but they do help the countries where deforestation is taking place a great deal. Many of these countries have nothing to offer other that holiday destinations so the only thing they can sell sad as it may seem is there heritage and Rainforest. When land has been cultivated through logging and mining the money will go to the government who will spend the money on its population in the form of a better education or hospitals and roads so the peoples of these countries are benefiting slightly but some people may say that its not worth it in the long term if they keep on then sooner or later there will no rainforests at all then the big companies will leave them with nothing. Places where there is a growing population in urban areas such as Brazil find them selves allowing big companies to destroy their rainforest in order for them to afford to destroy it them selves in processing large rainforest areas into residents for people to live in. Any one would love to earn something for nothing and that’s exactly how these companies view it they get these valuable materials for next too nothing and sell them on for extortionate prices. They see them selves as aiding the developing countries and in a way they are but what they are actually doing is feeding them with one hand and killing them with the other. There are many groups of people that do not support deforestation in the Amazon rainforest such as the natives that lived in the rainforest; they see developers not as savors and job makers but as ruthless exploiters that kill vast amounts of animals and wild life with no remorse. Other reasons both the natives and local people are so against the clearing of the rainforest are they don’t actually see any benefits in return the government often waste money on city expansion, national defense ,and economic aid which comes as a surprise since they can hardly feed them selves let alone any one else. When forest clearing was first introduced the main reason was to help them get out of debt but people who don’t agree with deforestation will say they never been in so much debt they were better of living in small villages before at least then they could feed themselves and lived a less complicated life. The amount of land with trees on it shrinks each year. It gets harder and harder to meet local and global demands for wood and is extremely stressful and for what? Some people have proposed that the solution to tropical deforestation is to set aside vast areas as parks and reserves. This may buy enough time to give local governments a chance to address the underlying causes of deforestation-poverty, growing populations, and misguided policies. And many people feel that setting aside tropical reserves will ensure that unused areas will continue to exist. They point out that many species can’t survive in managed (human-used) forests. Local people may say that the rainforest is one of the main reasons people come to visit them without that then they will lose a lot of revenue gained through tourists. People have not dwelt in large numbers throughout the tropical rain forests, but small groups of people live throughout the region. They constantly move around and clear small areas and plant crops. When they reach an area they want to use, they chop down trees and burn them in order to create a clear area. They then plant seeds in the ashes–but after a few years the soil nutrients become used up and it is no longer good for gardening, so they move somewhere else and start the process all over again. This process is called slash-and-burn cultivation, which can support a small population but will not work with larger ones. How to cite Deforestation In The Amazon Rainforest, Papers

Self and Community Exploring The Anatomy of Modern Society

Question: Discuss about theSelf and Communityfor Exploring The Anatomy of Modern Society. Answer: The Common Good: Concern of Self-Esteem and Self Realization The concept of Catholic Social Thought (CST) is integrated in to the fabric of the sense of Common Good. It has been observed over time that many people are not aware of Catholic Social Thought. However, it is only when they are taught about the CST that they find meaning into the subject. It deals with social awareness through experimental learning through expansion of experiences. This document assists people in amalgamating CST with experience of Church service with the concept of social justice. The principle of CST is taken from papal documents, conical document, and statement from bishop conferences held during the last 100 years or more. The papal documents are implicit by referring the underpinning the principle in scripture and studying life and activities of the followers of Christianity. The maturity of CST holds water in hypothesis and observation (Davies, 2015). Reading the description of principles of CST, it is seen that though the principle is standalone, it has bearing on the social truths. The basis of the Common Good is on the assimilation of the CST, humans are social beings with mutual interdependence and interrelationship. (Principle 1) CST aims to improve human dignity through the image of God. This dignity needs to be viewed in conjuncture to the development of the Common Good (Principle 2). Human Rights protect the issues of Human Dignity through a spectrum of human duties. This includes creation of promoting rights and duties through humane conditions of living for the population. Protection of Human Dignity at work through accepting workers rights is a part of the principle (Principle 3). The marginalized persons are called poor through the options of CST. Valuing the economically unprivileged upfront should be the basis of decision making (Principle 4) (Feely, 2005). As messengers of God, the environment needs to be faced in terms of earthly population, and the disproportionate affects on the environment attracts concerns (Principle 5). Responsiveness to decision making refers to addressing the challenges in each sphere. Principle of subsidiary relates to grassroots level actions. (Principle 6) The Common Good Detailed explanation of each principles with examples portray how people have adopted the sense of each Principle vis--vis their experiences in societal concerns we are engaging the ongoing conversation (Vatican, 2015). The Common Good is a basic Principle and is related to Human Dignity leading to harmony and cohesion. Since Humans are a social being, personality rights require being in tune with the Principle of Common Good. Opposing the long standing culture bias is the Christian thought of Common Good. It is deeply rooted in biblical and patristic thoughts. The deserving can be accurately resolved through the interweaving of Common Good and the requirements of the underprivileged. Pope John Paul II has reorganized the erstwhile fervor to address the reality of the modern economy. The Common Good is understood as the benefit coming into subsistence in any community through cohesion amongst the actors (Coc, 2008). Life and Dignity; Human Being In the thoughts of John Paul II the issue of solidarity as a virtue appears. He says that, only virtue endorsed by each person singly is not enough. It is needs to be articulated in economical, cultural, politico- religious institution that shapes our social milieu. Common Good is grounded on the concept of community participation. With the increasing human interactions, the concept of Common Good takes an increasing collective feature, and involves the sense of rights and duties of the human society. Experience of the development of Common Good, should be built through individual rights. To make the underprivileged an equal participant, it is necessary to forego the good of the haves. It requires transformation of lifestyle, production and consumption which governs societies to describe the surplus that is produced (Annett, 2016). The Correlation of Right and Responsibility Actors have the right to take part in societal matters, by looking for common well being of the underprivileged. Advantage of an individual cannot be realized without population participation in the entire range of social milieu, unlike in a dictatorship, where the government extorts all voluntary association. It is human right to participate in that institution necessary for human existence. Family is the fulcrum of social foundation that needs to be augmented and strengthened and not underplayed. Whilst, exhaling individualism, the CST preaches that association with society, families and social institutions foster growth, defend dignity and encourage the Common Good, so that human beings fulfill their desires. The suitable and primary solution to paucity is those that allow people to control their lives (Acu, 2016). Stewardship and Care for Crreation Consultative: Possibility of following the US bishop would be possible at the national or regional level through a counseling process in generating documents on important social issues. Thus the presentation of the documents can be held in esteem. Teaching through a well-versed church is increasing recognized as integral to the pedagogy. Ecumenical: There is possibility of exploring the method to teach social truths ecumenically. The body of Chircheshas worked for long in the domain of racism, poverty and veracity of creation. Close cooperation is always a win-win situation. European Ecumenical Assembly has shown the effectiveness of co-operation. Gaps: Thoughts are that, CST will require developing and applying its line of attack to new social context. The most understandable gap is the role of a woman. It was the fulcrum of a Bishop pastoral draft circulated earlier, but introverted under force from the Vatican. These movements gave rise to Challenge of Peace (1983), Economic Justice for All (1986), Renewing the Earth (1991). These were disseminated initially as advice-giving document (Socialconcerns, 2015). Subsidiary: All authority and discussion building in the world should be at the local level, attuned with Common Good. Subsidiary will represent authority being decentralized, meaning fleeting proper powers upwards or downwards. The equilibrium amid the perpendicular (subsidiary) and the parallel (solidarity) is attained through the orientation to the Common Good. Commitment to the World: The committee presents the humankind in constructive terms produced and exchanged by God. Our role is in the designer plan functioning for its realization account. Hence, CST has urbanized a universal vision touching every level in civilization of the nation. Its role in peace has become more serious. Preaching the Gospel: Justice action and participation on behalf of the world, in the conversion of the planet, is a measurement of the demonization of the Gospel. Meaning, when this measurement is absent in our preaching we are fading to sermonize the Gospel. Interpretation of the Signs: It is the duty of the church to scrutinize the signs and interpret them as per the Gospel. It is believed that God speaks through soul account, or that Church learns from the humanity where Gods strength is in action. The earth is a part of Gods creation for the human transformation that we are responsible for (Cctwincities, 2016). References: Acu. (2016, 07 22). Unit Display. Retrieved 10 23, 2016, from Acu: https://www.acu.edu.au/units/2017/units_2017/unit_display?unit=uncc100 Annett, A. (2016). Human Flourishing, The Common Good, And Catholic Social Teaching. Columbia: Columbia University. Cctwincities. (2016). Common Good and Community. Retrieved 10 23, 2016, from cctwincities: https://www.cctwincities.org/education-advocacy/catholic-social-teaching/notable-quotations/common-good-and-community/ Coc. (2008). The principle of the common good. Retrieved 10 23, 2016, from Center of Concern: https://www.coc.org/files/principle.pdf Davies, B. (2015). Further Explanation. Retrieved 10 23, 2016, from Catholic Social Teaching: https://www.catholicsocialteaching.org.uk/principles/info/ Feely, S. K. (2005). The Principle of Human Dignity. Human Dignity , 1-10. Socialconcerns. (2015). An introduction to the principles ofcatholic social thought. Retrieved 10 23, 2016, from Center for Social Concerns: https://socialconcerns.nd.edu/content/introduction-principles-catholic-social-thought Vatican. (2015). Life In Christ. Retrieved 10 23, 2016, from vatican: https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s1c2a2.htm

Analsis of Jerry Maguire free essay sample

The ability to change and adapt is a skill that can make or break a careetalr, in the case of Jerry Maguire, it was both. The curious case of an individual who seemingly had everything that any individual would want; money, power, a strong woman, and respect who had lost it all after a midnight revelation. The film chronicles his development as a leader in the sports agent industry despite constant societal pressures. Jerry Maguire is able to survive his fall from grace and assert himself as a dominant figure in the ultra-competitive realm of player marketing. The film begins with Jerry Maguire, a smooth talking, talented sports agent who represents seventy-two agents for Sports Management International. He is revered as a leader in the environment, when he walks into the room, everyone stops and notices him and listen to what he says. The success is plentiful; he has a beautiful fiance, a luxurious car, several cell phones, highly respected by his peers and the prestige of being one of the accomplished sports agent at the age of 35. We will write a custom essay sample on Analsis of Jerry Maguire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Initially, Jerry’s tactics are cold, calculated and ruthless, selling limited value at a premium; he would tell players what they wanted to hear in order to retain them. While fighting with his fiance, Avery Bishop, she states that Jerry told her that there is no such thing as loyalty; this alludes that in the mind of Jerry that any and everything can be bought or acquired. The firm that Jerry works for is highly competitive even amongst staff where agents will constantly try to go after each other’s players. One night after visiting a client in the hospital who is recovering from his fourth concussion, Jerry is met in the hallway by the client’s son who questions if Jerry’s motivation is the interest of his client or if his interest is in making money. That night Jerry wakes up in the middle of the night suffering from a mental breakdown, the words and actions of the son echo through his mind and he begins to write on a mission statement for his company. His mission statement focused on the simple joys of the jobs, the importance of protecting the players in health and in imagery. The statement called for fewer clients and less money, focusing on the individual with more attention and caring for the lives. After completing the mission statement he regards that he had â€Å"lost his ability to bullshit† and that he had â€Å"finally felt like his father’s son again. † At this point in the film, Jerry is forced to have to adapt between his new mindset as a sports agent and his uncanny desire to live by doing what is right for the individual regardless of the expected revenue. The revelation that he encounters is the Jerry Maguire breaking away from the industry standard, in a world where the smoothest talker is often the most victorious, he had finally felt alive once he realized that the lens he had been viewing his job, his life and himself was not true to himself. It was at this point that Jerry Maguire was able to transcend from a sports agent mogul to an industry leader. He titled his mission statement as, â€Å"The Things We Think and Do Not Say, the Future of Our Business† then produced one hundred and ten copies, dispensing the statement throughout the organization only to have has his employment terminated within a week by his alleged friend and mentee, Bob Sugar. At this moment, Jerry is believing that his seventy-two clients will follow him when he opens his own firm, however through the slandering of Bob Sugar and the sporting agency, Jerry is only able to have contact with three clients, Kathy Sanders, Frank Cushman and Rod Tidwell. Kathy Sanders pledges her loyalty to Maguire only to deny his request to leave SMI for his firm because she is in the middle of filming a commercial. Maguire is discouraged by the lack of commitment by Sanders but still holds to the belief that his clients truly love him and will follow. Frank Cushman is the star athlete of Southern Methodist University who is expected to go first overall in the highly anticipated upcoming NFL Draft. Cushman was deemed to be the prize of the firm, Maguire makes desperate attempts to sway Cushman’s father into signing a contract with him. Initially, Cushman stays loyal to Maguire even so much to state that while he does not believe in contracts his word is as â€Å"strong as oak. † However, the night before the draft, Bob Sugar meets with the Cushman family and signs a contract while Maguire was preforming a meet and greet with the last remaining prospective client. The last minute change has an effect on Maguire, it relates back to the thought that loyalty is nonexistent, but it enables Maguire to focus on the one client who has consistently been there or him during his time of trail and tribulations. Arizona Cardinals wide receiver Rod Tidwell is Maguire’s last option as a client, he is eccentric, egotistical, proud, and slightly delusional, this requires Maguire’s full attention as the two develop a relationship based on needs. Maguire needs Tidwell to stay on as his client while Tidwell needs Maguire to negotiate with the Cardinals for a contract extension with the dollar value on par with marquee talent. Amidst the attempt to salvage his career, Maguire also faces personal issues, he realizes that the woman to whom he loves and loves him is everything he was pre-revelation and this sickens him causing him to break off the engagement when she fails to be supportive when he has fallen off his greatness. It is during this fiasco of both a personal and professional life that causes Maguire to constantly frame and reframe his life in order to handle the societal pressures of having to be successful as well as the pressures to find true happiness and success. On his last day at Sports Management International he propositions the office to come with him as he opens up his new firm, only one person displays loyalty, Dorothy Boyd, a 26 year old single mother who does accounting at the firm. She tells Maguire that she followed him because after reading his mission statement she felt inspired. The film continues to illustrate the rocky relationship between Boyd and Maguire from the development of employer to employee to lovers to husband and wife all while Maguire struggles with the inner conflicts of the illusion that he is incapable of being sentimental. Ray Boyd is Dorothy’s six year old son who takes a shine to Maguire and who Maguire becomes very fond of and even grows to love, despite the personal and professional lives demolishing around Maguire he always has Ray’s unconditional love and admiration. Jerry Maguire is able to handle the societal pressures by applying the four frames of leadership into every aspect of his developing life. The first frame applied by Jerry Maguire is the structural frame, this frame was heavily used during the beginning of the film during his ascend to the top of the world of sport agents. Although this is not explicitly stated in the film, initially Jerry Maguire views success as the amount of prestige he has and what material goods he has over his peers. The path to prestige in his industry is one that requires him to remove himself from having feelings and focus on enhancing the bottom line. The industry views athletes as commodities and treat these players as such. The general rules of the structure are as many clients as possible to generate revenue and to ensure that every represented individual feels that their interests are completely looked after despite the bottom line. This frame creates an illusion of false happiness and forces Maguire initially to act within the confines of the structure to achieve success and change as leader. Once he accepts that this is a frame caused by societal pressure he changes his style of thinking from structural to human resource where he shift his focus from the bottom line to the status of the individual. He first applies the Human Resource frame; this requires the individual to value the family with regards of the empowerment of leadership. Maguire first exhibits utilization of this frame when encountering the hospital ridden client’s son who alters Maguire’s perspective by placing the value of the safety and health of his clients over the intrinsic value of money and prestige. This preempts him to write his mission statement and enables him to show that Avery is not the right woman for him, that she does not empower Maguire to be successful and inspire. It is through the frame of human resource that Maguire is able to recognize unconditional love through Ray and the devotion and support of Dorothy. She is truly empowered by him, moved by his words enough to leave her job, enough to defend him amongst the criticisms held by her sister to state that she loves Maguire for the man he wants to be and the man he almost is. This frame is arguably the frame that dictates Maguire’s actions in the film which once his revelation occurs he is only able to think within the scope of doing what is best for the Tidwells, Dorothy and Ray and lastly himself and his image. It is through the human resource frame that he is best able to realize that true leadership comes within the acceptance of those who are following and once those who are following have their needs satisfied. Maguire quotes his mentor Dicky Fox and states that the art of business is the strength of personal relationships, the human resource model exemplifies the advice. The political frame is based upon competition, as Maguire develops into a eader he develops the skill of looking at situations based upon competition and regards the importance of a power base. When Maguire has his employment terminated by Bob Sugar he states that he is going to bring over all of his clients as well as Sugar’s to his new firm, the two engage in a battle of who can gain and retain the most clients. This battle leads Sugar to gain all but one of Maguire’s clients and forces Maguire to shift his thinking from seeing the power of numbers to the power of just one. Initially Maguire is reluctant to invest his time and energy into the development and advancement of Tidwell, however through the development of their personal relationship he realizes that he is able to make a difference and still gain a level of prestige by focusing on less clients and less money, in essence, he is following his mission statement. The symbolic frame is utilized by Maguire when he takes on the role of the father figure to Ray, the child is open and unconditional to Maguire and this is a foreign feeling to him. Prior to the breakup with Avery, his co-workers organized a bachelor party in which they interviewed Maguire’s past girlfriends and they all stated that he was unable to be sentimental, true and caring. Ray offered Maguire each of the attributes without asking for anything in return. Unlike previous girlfriends who sought after power, sex, money or prestige from Maguire, Ray enjoyed and valued his company. This in turn allowed Maguire to place value in the symbolism of friendship and ultimately parenthood. Society has created an illusion that states that you are not successful unless you have the most power at your job, the hottest significant other, the most luxurious car and the respect of everyone. The thought of having to accomplish each realm places a great deal of pressure onto the individual and this ultimately led to the nervous breakdown and the creation of the mission statement. The statement may have initially been written for Sports Management International but ultimately it was a mission statement for Jerry Maguire to live his life. The development of Jerry Maguire focuses on the transitional shifts between frames of thinking as he embarks on different ventures throughout his life. Each of the four frames allowed Maguire to develop as an individual because had the ability to shift his thinking and way of looking at a situation. Maguire was able to use these four frames to determine what was flawed in his industry as well as society. The ability to use frames enables the leader to have a greater understanding of what is going on with respect to the situation. It can be difficult to remove oneself from a situation and look at it through different frames, however framing and reframing allows for adaptive change to occur, Maguire realized that the direction of the business was corrupt and decided to make a stand, ultimately his stand met with termination of employment. However, he was able to adapt to the demands of the market of competition and was able to become successful by his standard. It was the human resource frame that enabled Maguire to inspire Dorothy to leave her job and to follow up because he stood up for the one thing the industry lacked, integrity. The movie closes out with a quote by Dicky Fox, â€Å"In life, to be honest, I failed as much as I have succeeded. But I love my wife, I love my life and I wish you know my kind of success.

Reading Response Example

Reading Response Example Reading Response – Article Example Reading Response – Gender and Race Race refers to ification of people according to colour while ethni refers to the classification of people according to culture. Gender refers to the classification of people according to sex. These social groups have different characteristics which lead people to treat others differently and sometimes unfairly. One of the problems with these classifications is that it prevents some people from accessing some basic needs due to discrimination based on their race or ethnicity. For instance, African Americans and Latinos were excluded from social welfare programs in the US in 1930s. Another problem with ethnicity and race is that it results in wars and genocides. For example, Adolf Hitler of the Nazi Germany allowed the killing of around 6 million Jews who lived in Europe. This practice of targeting and killing one racial group is a destructive form of racial discrimination. The problem with gender or sex is that it results in discrimination aga inst some gender at the workplace based on the views of the society. Some work such as household chores are considered as women duties in the Western and Indian communities. This forms the basis of discriminating against women at the workplace. Some companies hire men to take up specific duties. Some communities also view women as inferior and treat them harshly. For instance, women in Iran are stoned to death if they cheat on their husbands, but men are not. Another problem of gender is violence. Some women face gender violence in form of rape and other forms of victimization. Dividing people into social groups may also be important because it enhances positive diversity at the workplace where people bring different diverse ideas to improve work performance. Reading Response Example Reading Response – Book Report/Review Example Analytical Response: The Strange Library by Haruki Murakami The story presents dark themes in the library, filled with fear and death until when a semi-shadowy girl slides through the bars into the boy’s cell with food. At this moment a feeling of hope begins to develop in the boy. Although, the memories of the bald headed librarian still haunt him in addition to the dreadful memory of the dog that attacked him in his childhood. The girl brings hope to the boy who had no possibility of ever escaping. He knew he would die in the cell as promised by the librarians. The boy believes the girl is beautiful as compared to other characters in the novel who seem ugly and scary. â€Å"She was so pretty that looking at her made my eyes hurt† (Murakami 28). The girl also appeared innocent and reliable as the boy described â€Å"She appeared to be about my age. Her neck, wrists, and ankles were so slender they seemed as if they might break under the slightest pressure† (Mura kami 28). The boy believed that the girl was an angel sent to rescue him. â€Å"Her long, straight hair shone as if it were spun with jewels† (Murakami 28). He felt as if he can trust the girl who was the exact opposite of the other characters.In conclusion, the girl introduced the theme of love, care, trust and magical escape. This is evident in the way she came into sight. Her personal traits and general appearance envisioned pure trust which made the boy believe that the time of his escape had come. In a real life, I have learnt that liberators are associated with sincerity and trust. In the novel, the girl’s character demonstrated an innocence that everyone can trust than the suspicious brutality of the librarians.Work Cited Murakami, Haruki, The strange library. New York: Knopf, 2014, Print. Reading Response Example Reading Response – Book Report/Review Example Article Response on Choral Music Choral music is a common concept used widely in both religious and secular performances. Church choirs and opera singers are perfect example of this musical style. Conventionally, I was under the impression that ‘choir’ and ‘choruses’ denoted different concepts. However, it is only in English language that these two terminologies appear to hold distinct meanings. Admittedly, one new idea in the article is on the synonymous nature of the words choir and chorus. Technically, both words are used to denote a sizable group of singers performing together (Percy and Smith, 01). The perpetual distinction in choir and chorus is a subjective creation of English language; otherwise these two words are synonymous. Aside from learning new concepts, the article also reinforced my previous knowledge about choral music. Similar to any other musical styles which undergoes dynamic changes with time, choral music also had a share of its evoluti on. Primordially, chorus or choir performances were monolithic in nature (Percy and Smith, 01). At the dawn of the 20th Century, and specifically during the 1960s, there was substantial renovation of functional, stylistic and organizational structures of choral music. This era was responsible for today’s categorization of choral voices into basses and tenors among others.Always, I subscribe to the notion that all musical styles are influenced by cultural movements. However, I am intrigued by the extent to which choral music caved in under the pressure of multiculturalism. Apparently, certain cultures necessitated sacrificing of traditional components of choral music like choral unity and tone structures. Example of cultures that observably bent the course of choral music includes the Gay and Lesbian Associations in Europe and America (Percy and Smith, 02). In other musical styles like Opera, traditional components of the styles were preserved in cultural transitions. However, it is intriguing why multiculturalism dealt a huge blow on the historical authenticity and accuracy of choral performances. Work CitedPercy, Young and Smith, James. Twentieth Century History of Choirs. Oxford Companion to Music. Web oxfordmusiconline.com:80/substriber/article/grove/music/05684 Reading Response Example Reading Response – Book Report/Review Example Reading response One of the challenges that every employed mother faces is how to bring up her children, and at the sametime provide for the family. According to most recent reports, most women have resorted to building their career than being there for their family. In connection to this, the main aim of this paper is to review an article by Lynet Uttal: Custodial care, Surrogate care, and coordinated care. The author talks about how women feel about leaving their children, for someone to bring up. According to the author, most women do not like someone else binging up their children, however, at certain times due to work pressures they are forced to leave their children under the protection of someone else (Uttal 291). In order to reach such a conclusion, the author carried out a study, where she collected data from women who are employed and their house helps (Uttal 295). The data obtained by the author is true, because most women do not like leaving their children to be brought u p by someone else. However, ironically most of the house helps do mistreat some of the children even though themselves they are still women and they know the connection a mother has towards their children. Apart from that, there has been an increase of cases where house helps run away with a child they are supposed to protect, and then they start asking for ransom money from the child’s parents. After reading the article, I have realised that the author only used 31 samples. In connection to this, I would like to know if this number is representative of how mothers feel about someone bringing up their children.BibliographyUttal, Lynet. â€Å"Custodial care, Surrogate care, and coordinated care: Employed mothers and meaning of child care.† Gender and Society. 10.3 (1996): 291-311. Print

Reading response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Reading response - Assignment Example However, due to the cultural difference the plan of making the daughter a Shirley Temple seems to be failing. The mother is also focused on making the daughter do different tests every night. The tests are seemingly unrelated since they are from different magazines and the continued daughter’s failures to get the correct answers brings great disappointment to both of them. These failures can be attributed to cultural differences that cause different likes. However, after a rebellion from the daughter who wants to do music, the mother allows her and hires a piano teacher. Nonetheless, the performance is still relatively poor prompting the girl to stop attending the piano classes. The daughter is in between two string cultures and due to the cultural conflict does not seem to fit perfectly at one place. Although unaware, efforts to fit in the two cultures are the main reason for her continued failures in the different activities. Maggie is portrayed as humble and innocent girl with great enthusiasm for her heritage and tradition. Unlike Dee, Maggie is shy and has seemingly no courage to face difficult life situations thereby provoking sympathy. Conversely, Dee is seemingly absorbed in a different culture and has always had great interest in reading and achieving a different lifestyle. Although she is not very bright, she struggles and brings forth great effort. This is a show of determination just as she was determined to court Jimmy T by reading to him although he took off to marry a â€Å"cheap city girl†. Additionally, Dee is bold and has great courage to face any situation even the seemingly difficult ones. However, Dee seems to know little about her heritage as compared to Maggie. In fact, the seemingly few cultural things she knows and likes are wrongly placed. For example, she wants the butter churn curved by her uncle only for decoration purposes rather than

Worplestrop Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Worplestrop Case Study - Essay Example Akin to all other business entities, the Worplestrop Partnership wants to develop an efficient costing and information systems for the management of their organization. This would necessitate the development of budgets, accomplishing responsibilities to achieve the goals, incessant evaluation of real performance with expected standard performance, taking counteractive actions if required in addition to revising the budgets. Assessment of the various product cost and budgetary control methodologies and systems The most commonly employed cost budgeting techniques and tools comprise of ‘strategic budgeting’ as well as ‘contingency and allowance budgeting’ (Owens, 2007). In the former technique, the management of the organization estimates the cost that might be incurred in their operational activities, however it is very difficult to accurately estimate the costs involved. The later cost budgeting technique ascertains that a suitable amount of finances is devel oped to provide accommodation for upcoming hazards or unforeseen expense rises. For the successful implementation of contingency and allowance method of budgeting, Worplestrop Partnership would have to establish their expenditure build-up procedure comprising of base and contingency expense estimations in addition to allowances and finance reserves. This approach involves the grass roots as it builds up and communicates a plan for accomplishing superior estimates with all the workforces. Figure: Expense Build-up Components (Owens, 2007). In addition to this, there are around five different methods of budgetary control, namely, summary budget, fixed budget, financial budget, flexible budget and zero-based budgeting. The assessment of these methodologies reveals that zero-based budgeting would be appropriate for Worplestrop Partnership, because it would enable the organization to methodically assess the various operational activities undertaken by it. This would ensure that the manage ment is able to distribute its resources as per the precedence of its activities. The implementation of this technique would ascertain that Worplestrop takes up activities are vital for the business and that those are carried out in the utmost manner. This is because; this method would connect the budgets with the overall goal of the organization (Shah, 2009). The management of an organization and the decision making processes involved in it can be categorized into three groups, namely, operational, tactical and operational. All the three categories comprise of planning as well as control measures. Nevertheless, the focus of strategic level is more on planning, while at the operational level it is more accentuated towards control. Information Outputs to support Management decision making at operational level The ground level managers or supervisors are directly in charge for those involved in production or manufacturing. They are associated principally with the administration of non -management human resources and the management of routine operational activities. The major responsibility of such managers is to assess performance of the business unit against the standard that has been specified. The manager ought to be familiar with precisely how much was

Retirement Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Retirement Issues - Essay Example The essay "Retirement Issues" intends to overview the causes behind retirement plan and offer the suggestions to the younger generation on the successful accomplishment of a resilient retirement plan that is expected to get rid of the lacunas of the earlier generations in framing the same. , the term unforeseen itself is stochastic or probabilistic in nature. There is no definite way to measure all unanticipated events that might require added financial assistance and thereby extra precautionary savings. Hence, at the end of the day, it is all about series of assumptions and to some extent careful gambling with a hope that the dice would fall in the expected number. If the dice falls otherwise; then all the associated dreams with the retirement life fall into pieces like a glass house stuck with a stone. Hope does not die though, people keep on thinking that their planning considering the retirement life is on the right track and then out of the blue an emergency pops up forcing the individual and his family into the ocean of despair. By the time the individual realizes something is not right in his planning, it is too late. The most ironic thing is that this can happen owing to human error or purely out of the accident. This point to the fact that even if one is perfect regarding his retirement planning; he might face the brunt of the unforeseen events similar to anyone else. It is easily understandable now that why retirement plan is important and difficult to optimize.

Overview of Cryptography and Encryption Techniques

Overview of Cryptography and Encryption Techniques What is cryptography Cryptography is the discipline of cryptography and cryptanalysis and of their interaction. The word â€Å"cryptography† is derived from the Greek words â€Å"Kryptos† means concealed, and â€Å"graphien† means to inscribe. It is the science of keeping secrets secret. One objective of cryptography is protecting a secret from adversaries. Professional cryptography protects not only the plain text, but also the key and more generally tries to protect the whole cryptosystem. Cryptographic primitives can be classified into two classes: keyed primitives and non-keyed primitives as in the figure. The fundamental and classical task of cryptography is to provide confidentiality by encryption methods. Encryption (also called enciphering) is the process of scrambling the contents of a message or file to make it unintelligible to anyone not in possession of key â€Å"key† required to unscramble the file or message. Providing confidentiality is not the only objective o f cryptography. Cryptography is also used to provide solutions for other problems: Data integrity, Authentication, Non-repudiation. Encryption methods can be divided into two categories: substitution ciphers and transposition ciphers. In a substitution cipher the letters of plaintext are replaced by other letters or by symbols or numbers. Replacing plaintext bit pattern with cipher text bit patterns is involved in substitution when plaintext is viewed as a sequence of bits. Substitution ciphers preserve the order of plaintext symbols but disguise them. Transposition ciphers, do not disguise the letters, instead they reorder them. This is achieved by performing some sort of permutation on the plaintext letters. There are two type of encryption :symmetric(private/secert) encryption key and asymmetric(public) key encryption. Conventional encryption model A conventional encryption model can be illustrated as assigning Xp to represent the plaintext message to be transmitted by the originator. The parties involved select an encryption algorithm represented by E. the parties agree upon the secret key represented by K. the secret key is distributed in a secure manner represented by SC. Conventional encryption’s effectiveness rests on keeping the secret. Keeping the key secret rests in a large on key distribution methods. When E process Xp and K, Xc is derived. Xc represents the cipher text output, which will be decrypted by the recipient. Upon receipt of Xc, the recipient uses a decryption algorithm represented by D to process Xc and K back to Xp. This is represented in the figure. In conventional encryption, secrecy of the encryption and decryption algorithm is not needed. In fact, the use of an established well known and tested algorithm is desirable over an obscure implementation. This brings us to the topic of key distribution. Cryptanalysis Code making involves the creation of encryption products that provide protection of confidentiality. Defeating this protection by some men’s other than the standard decryption process used by an intended recipient is involved in code breaking. Five scenarios for which code breaking is used. They are selling cracking product and services, spying on opponents, ensure accessibility, pursuing the intellectual aspects of code breaking and testing whether one’s codes are strong enough. Cryptanalysis is the process of attempting to identify either the plaintext Xp or the key K. discovery of the encryption is the most desired one as with its discovery all the subsequent messages can be deciphered. Therefore, the length of encryption key, and the volume of the computational work necessary provides for its length i.e. resistance to breakage. The protection get stronger when key size increases but this requires more brute force. Neither encryption scheme conventional encryption no r public key encryption is more resistant to cryptanalysis than the other. Cryptographic goals However, there are other natural cryptographic problems to be solved and they can be equally if not important depending on who is attacking you and what you are trying to secure against attackers. Privacy, authentication, integrity and non-repudiation are the cryptographic goals covered in this text. These three concepts form what is often referred to as the CIA triad? The three notations represents the basic security objectives for both data and for information and computing services. FIPS PUB 199 provides a useful characterization of these objectives in terms of requirements and the definition of a loss of security in each category: Confidentiality: Preserving authorized restrictions on information access and disclosure, together with means for shielding personal secrecy and copyrighted material. A damage of privacy is the illegal disclosure of information. Integrity: Guarding against improper information modification or destruction, and includes ensuring information non-repudiation and authenticity. A loss of integrity is the unauthorized modification of information. Availability: Ensuring timely and reliable access to and use of information. A loss of availability is the disruption of access to an information system. Although the use of the CIA tried to define security objectives is well established, some in the security field feel that additional concepts are needed to present a complete picture. Two of the most commonly mentioned are: Authenticity: The property of being genuine and being able to be verified and trusted; confidence in the validity of a transmission, a message, or message originator. Accountability: The security goal that generates the requirement for actions of an entity to be traced uniquely to that entity. Generally there are two types key present 1 Symmetric-key 2 Asymmetric-key Symmetric key encryption The universal technique for providing confidentiality for transmitted data is symmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption is also known as conventional encryption or single-key encryption was the only type of encryption in use prior to the introduction of public-key encryption. Countless individuals and groups, from Julius Caesar to the German U-boat force to present-day diplomatic, military and commercial users, use symmetric encryption for secret communication. It remains by far the more widely used of the types of encryption. A symmetric encryption scheme has five ingredients as follows- Plaintext: This is the original data or message that is fed into the algorithm as input. Encryption algorithm: the encryption algorithm performs various transformations and substitutions on the plaintext. Secret key: The secret key is input to the encryption algorithm. The exact transformations and substitutions performed by the algorithm depend on the key. Ciphertext: This is the scrambled message produced as output. It depends on the plaintext and the secret key. For a given message, two different keys will produce two different ciphertexts. Decryption algorithm: This is reserve process of encryption algorithm. It takes the ciphertext and secret key and produces the original plaintext. Symmetric key encryption is shown in fig. There are two necessities for protected use of symmetric encryption: We need a strong encryption algorithm. Sender and receiver must have secured obtained, keep secure, the secret key. Stream Ciphers The stream ciphers encrypt data by generating a key stream from the key and performing the encryption operation on the key stream with the plaintext data. The key stream can be any size that matches the size of the plaintext stream to be encrypted. The ith key stream digit only depends on the secret key and on the (i-1) previous plaintext digits. Then, the i ­th ciphertext digit is obtained by combining the ith plaintext digit with the ith key stream digit. One desirable property of a stream cipher is that the ciphertext be of the same length as the plaintext. Thus, a ciphertext output of 8 bits should be produced by encrypting each character, if 8-bit characters are being transmitted. Transmission capacity is wasted, if more than 8 bits are produced. However, stream ciphers are vulnerable to attack if the same key is used twice ormore. Block Ciphers A block ciphers fragments the message into blocks of a predetermined size and performs the encryption function on each block with the key stream generated by cipher algorithm. Size of each block should be fixed, and leftover message fragments are padded to the appropriate block size. Block ciphers differ from stream ciphers in that they encrypted and decrypted information in fixed size blocks rather than encrypting and decrypting each letters or word individually. A block ciphers passes a block of data or plaintext through its algorithm to generate a block of ciphertext. Asymmetric Key Cryptosystems In Asymmetric Key Cryptosystems two different keys are used: a secret key and a public key. The secret key is kept undisclosed by the proprietor and public key is openly known. The system is called â€Å"asymmetric† since the different keys are used for encryption and decryption, the public key and private key. If data is encrypted with a public key, it can be decrypted only by using the corresponding private key. Public Key Encryption shown in fig. Classical encryption techniques The technique enables us to illustrate the basic approaches to conventional encryption today. The two basic components of classical ciphers are transposition and substitution. Combination of both substitution and transposition is described in others systems. Substitution techniques In this technique letters of plaintext message are placed by symbols and numbers. If plaintext is in the form of a sequences of bits, then substituting plaintext bit patterns with ciphertext bit patterns. Transposition techniques Transposition instantly moves the position around within it but does not alter any of the bits in the plaintext. If the resultant ciphertext is then put through more transpositions, the end result has increasing security.

Feminism and Gibsons Neuromancer :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

Today many women are stereotyped in their jobs and social roles as defined by society as a whole. William Gibson's Neuromancer where one woman is used for specific reasons. The female character, Molly, is used for sex and her body is used for other sexual performances. In this book we find numerous examples of how she is being used sexually and how she must act in her job to survive. The author uses horrific examples that are related to how some women are treated today. The feminist approach is used throughout this book because of how the character Molly is being treated. In the second chapter of the book Molly is known as a "Working Girl", which means prostitute. Here in this chapter we find the first example of how Molly is being used for sex. "His head throbbed, but the brittleness in his neck seemed to retreat. He raised himself on one elbow, rolled sank back against the foam, pulling her down, licking her breasts, small hard nipples sliding wet across his cheek. He found the zip on the leather jeans and tugged it down"(Gibson32-33). This scene occurs right after Case's surgery. You might ask, the question, Is being used for sex really part of her job? Or was she attracted to work with Case? That could be a major confusion when reading this book. Something very similar to the scene just described also occurs in Chapter 11. The character Riveria performs a piece that he calls "The Doll." He imagines Molly's body as he wants it to be. A line from the book states "Then the torso formed as Riviera caressed it into being, white, headless, and perfect, sheened with the faintest gloss of sweat"(140). This ungodly performance can make any woman sick to her stomach. It is hard to believe one man's behavior could be that stereotypical as he regards a woman. Unfortunately, in today's society that is something that is not unusual. Women are represented as developing different qualities to be successful in their jobs. In this book Molly is known as highly dominant and very knowledgeable in what she does. Not only in just this book, but in real life situations women have to demonstrate these strong characteristics to be recognized for their hard work. Other women have to have these qualities just to be noticed. In this book Molly has to be this way so she can protect herself from men, and she also has to have these qualities so she will be recognized for her hard work.

Job Fair Brochure Essay

We offer full time and part time quailty care. Organizational Culture Our company culture values employees who are motivated, energetic, creative, and dedicated. We will have weekly meetings to gather creative ideas to create fun learning experiences for the children. We value input that leads to growth. Employees must be trustworthy, team players, and have strong communication skills. Taya’s child development center is set up within functional and geographic structure. Our functunal structure focus on our employees working together because of their expertise to meet the childrens needs. We have a director, assisant director, lead teachers, assistant teachers, and teachers aids that work together. Our geographic structure focus on to make sure we are meeting the need of the community. We are dedicated to serve the children in our neghborhood. We are a full time service child development center. I selected functional structures because in order to run a child development center I need experience and educated teacher to work together to provide high quality child care. Employees grouped together because they have the same expertise of the same jobs, so they can easily communicate and share information with each other. They can often make decisions quickly and effectively by working together. â€Å"A functional structure also makes it easier for people to learn from one another’s experiences and improve their skills† (Jones, 2007). I also selected geographic structures because we have to make sure we are providing care for the need of the neighborhood. I think functional and geographic structures will help to build and strong business. I would have a Sole proprietorship child development center. I will operate a daycare center business in my name. I will be the only owner and I will hirer qualified teachers to help me run my child development center. My company is dedicated to serve the children and parents need in our community. We will meet the needs of each child indiviually. We will cater to infants, toddlers, and perschoolers in our community. We will help nuture and guide the children through social emotional, sensory and congnitive skills. We will provide fun learning experience for each age group of children. We will offer full time and part time care to meet the needs of our families in the community. We will offer music, yoga, and spanish enrichment learning classes. My business will help the children and parents in the community. I have selected organizational culture for my company values and norms that influence how people and groups behave and interact with one another. I want to create a happy and fun enivornment for my staff , parents, and children. My company culture values employees who are motivated, energtic, creative, and dedicated. We will have weekly team meetings to gather creative ideas to create fun learning experiences for the children. We value input that leads to growth. Employees must be trustworthy, team players, and have strong communication skills. The values I want my company to develop are excellence, stability, predictability, profitability, economy, creativeness, morality, and usefulness. â€Å"Company norms specify or prescribe the kinds of shared beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that a firm’s members should hold and follow. Norms are informal but powerful rules about how employees should conduct themselves if they want to be accepted and successful† (Jones, 2007). Organizational culture will allow my staff interact with one another and create a fun learning experience for the children and each other. It will also allow us to work in a fun loving environment. References Jones, G. R. 2007). Introduction to business: How companies create value for people. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I  certify that  the attached  paper is my original work. I am familiar with, and acknowledge my responsibilities which are part of, the University of Phoenix Student Code of Academic Integrity . I affirm that any section of the paper which has been submitted previously is attributed and cited as such, and that this paper has not been submitted by anyone else. I have identified the sources of all information whether quoted verbatim or paraphrased, all images, and all quotations with citations and reference listings. Along with citations and reference listings, I have used quotation marks to identify quotations of fewer than 40 words and have used block indentation for quotations of 40 or more words. Nothing in this assignment violates copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property laws. I further agree that my name typed  on the line below is intended to have, and shall have, the same validity as my handwritten signature. Student’s  signature (name typed here is equivalent to a signature): Shawntaya Lewis

Aesthetics and cultural theory The WritePass Journal

Aesthetics and cultural theory Introduction Aesthetics and cultural theory IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction Subjectivity is the starting point of Hegel’s statement. His lectures on aesthetics give the significance of art within his philosophy while the German period of romanticism is being explained and critiqued. Recent theorists such as Theodor Adorno, Paul Guyer and Arthur Danto based their views on aesthetics from Hegel’s outlook on art. All support that Hegelian idealism was introduced with a poor consequence of personal subjectivity. The idealistic philosophers argued that only our conscience has real status and that the physical world is only a product of consciousness. The idealism (or utopianism) is closely linked to the religion either directly or indirectly and all philosophies based on this term are supporting the existence of a superior power that can not be interlinked with human’s capability. The most effective way of understanding the whole concept of idealism is to study directly the forefather of all theorists. Plato in his book, ‘The Republic’, gives an allegory (the ‘cave) to represent idealism in it’s simpler form. He describes men sitting in a dark cave who are chained in such a way that they can look in only one direction. Few meters behind them, light comes out of a fire which casts their shadows towards a wall they cannot see. Plato asks us to imagine those men in that specific position for their entire life. Having no experience of anything else, these men understand what they have experienced before reality is being represented to them. The philosopher continues with his metaphor and asks us to visualise that those prisoners got unchained and faced the existence of the fire and the shadows. They begin to have a sense of the environment they lived in.  The allegory ends, with Plato explaining that those men in the cave are us. As a consequence, we experience the world with our only five senses, but  as a matter of fact ‘our world’ is made with images and three-dimensional shadows. He claims that our mind has absoluteness perfection (‘absolute mind’). As we loo k into sun and turn away for protecting our eyes, thats how we turn back into the cave, in our safe place of sense perception. Now, modern idealism puts forward a cognitive human activity and attributes to a self-determined reality, such as the ‘absolute truth’ and creativity. Two German recent idealism theorists, J. G. Fichte and Friedrich von Schelling, which came to a climax in an absolute idealism of Hegel, started giving their explanation with a refutation of the uncertain thing-in-itself. However, Hegel formulated a complete structure of thought about art and the world. Most importantly, he hold up that reality should be logical, so that it’s eventual framework will be shown by our own thoughts. He did not think that symbolic, so by extension, conceptual art, has the ability to surpass the high nature of classical Greek art and its representational/imitative abilities. This is because, as he explains, since symbolisms, depend on the knowledge of man of the earth and society, and because, we can never know everything about the human psyche, trying to represent it with symbolisms, is just not enough. Hence, imitative art, which is what classical Greek sculptures, are of a much higher regard to Hegel, than symbolic art. He describes it as ‘the sensuous presentation of ideas’. It is in the communication of ideas excluding the connection between our reason and our sensory faculty and is distinctive successful. Modern aesthetic theorists turn first and f oremost to Kant, an 18th century German philosopher, and the historical convention of German romanticism to utilize the role of ‘pessimistic’ art. Hegelian view comes to support that art does more than sabotage the non†aesthetic. Thus, modern art can preferable take in contemporary artistic practices. Both theorists connect that art is superior to the external world, both opposed to appetite and enjoyment. Hegel gives his philosophy on art that is, as a whole, his main philosophical system. For us, to comprehend his philosophy of art we must understand his philosophy as a whole. Similar with Aristotle’s way of thinking, Hegel believes that the investigation of logic could lead to a key system of reality. Thus, logic is being characterised as dialectical. Poetry for Hegel seem not to have something physical as a sculpture. In that way, music according to him is the least spiritual form of art. On the other hand, Kant stated as an important matter that a generic explanation of the world could lead to an opposite observation. But Hegel explained that those two notions could be integrated by a move to a different way of thinking. Consequently, our mind moves from thesis, to antithesis, to synthesis[4]. This could be seen in history, nature and cultural progress. All the thinking consists by the idea (thesis), which antithesis is nature, while combining (synthesis) the two it forms t he spirit. This could also be named as the ‘absolute’ itself and is examined in more detail in Hegel’s ‘Phenomenology of Spirit’ as a transformation from subjective to objective to the absolute spirit. He is examining the organised structures in humanity giving absolute freedom and self determination to be essential. Those vitals principles include the practice of right, having a family and being part of a civil society (state). The most developed and sufficient perception of spirit is achieved by philosophy. It provides a conceptual understanding of the nature of reason while it describes why reason must take the form of time, space, life, matter and self-conscious spirit. In Christianity, however, the procedure which the ‘idea’ or ‘reason’ turns into self-conscious spirit is symbolised with metaphors and images as the procedure where God turns into spirit lies within humans. This is the process we place our belief and faith rather our notion of understanding. Hegel supports that humans cannot live   with just the hypothesis of things but also need to trust the truth. He asserts that ‘is in religion that a nation defines what is considers to be tr ue’. According to Hegel, art is different from religion or philosophy and it’s purpose is the formation of beautiful objects in which aesthetically pleasing indication is coming through. Therefore, the main target of art is not impersonate nature but to give us the opportunity to look at images being made by non-materialistic freedom. In other words, art exists not just for the purpose of having ‘art’ but for beauty. This union of freedom and beauty from Hegel shows his obligation to two other theorists, Schiller and Kant. Kant goes further to analyse that our understanding of beauty is a form of freedom. He explains, by judging an object or a piece of art as beautiful, we are discernmenting about a thing. By this we are declaring that the ‘thing’ or object has an effect on us, thus everyone will have the same effect. This results to a comprehension and   vision in ‘free play’ with each other, and it is this delight that comes from the ‘free play’ that guides us to our judgment if something is nice or not. Schiller comes in contrast with Kant which explains beauty as a belonging of the object itself. He stress that freedom is independent from our mind (Kant describes as ‘noumena’). ‘Freedom in appearance, autonomy in appearance [] that the object appears as free, not that it really is so’’ However, in Hegel’s view on beauty, is being described as the complete manifestation of freedom. It can be seen or sound like a sensory expression. Hegel moves a step further to explain that beauty can be created by nature but as he calls a ‘sensuous’ beauty’ it can only be found through art which can be produced by people. For him, beauty has symmetrical qualities. It has elements that are not organised in a framework but are joined organically. We were told, as he explains, that the Greek outline is beautiful, because the nose is flawless under the forehead while the Roman human profile has more sharper angles between them. Nevertheless, beauty’s importance is not only the shape but also the content. Modern art-theorists disagree with Hegel’s theory of beauty and art. They claim that art can include any content. This content is described in religion as God, then a beautiful art could be seen as angelic. Nonetheless, Hegel insists that Godly art is through a humankind form as freedom. He understands that piece of art could consists of nature such as plants or animals but he thinks that art is responsible to show the angelic form, as mentioned before. Only a human can represent reason and spirit through colors and sounds. Art, in Hegel’s eyes, is metaphorical. Not because it always comes to copy what is in nature, but the main motivation of art is to communicate and represent what he explained as a ‘free spirit’. It can mostly be attained   throughout humans and images. Particular, art exist to remind our mind that us, as human beings, have freedom and try not to forget the truth within ourselves. It is the only way the ‘freedom of spirit’ could be seen in it’s simplest form. The contradiction with art is that it links truth all through romanticised images made by someone. As mentioned before, according to Hegel, this spirit and beauty could be found through ancient Greek sculptures (Aeschylus, Praxiteles, Phidias and Sophocles). The German philosopher explains that are a lot of things we can be named as ‘art’, such as the Greek sculptures mentioned before, Shakespearian plays, but not everything is entitled to be called like that. This is because not everything represent what ‘true’ art really is. He sets some standards that a piece of work has to meet in order to be beautiful art. References BBC magazine, A Point of View: Why are museums so uninspiring? (London, BBC, 2011)bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12308952 [accessed 11 mar 2011] Hegel G. W. F., Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit, (Oxford: University Press, 1977) Hegel G. W. F., Hegel’s Aesthetics: Lectures on fine art, Know, vol.1 (Oxford: University Press, 2010) Hegel G. W. F., Hegel: Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion: Volume II: Determinate Religion: Determinate Religion v. 2 (Oxford: University Press, 2007) Immanuel Kant, ‘Kant: Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason: And Other Writings’ (Cambridge, University Press, 2004) Jason M, Miller, ‘Research Proposal’ (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Notre Dame, 2004), p.2 Robin, Waterfield, ‘Plato’s Republic’   (Oxford: University Press, 2008) Stephen, Houlgate, ‘Hegel’s aesthetics’, (The Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy, 2009)http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel-aesthetics/ [accessed 15 Mar 2011] Schiller, Friedrich,   ‘Kallias or Concerning Beauty: Letters to Gottfried Kà ¶rner†, in Classical and Romantic German Aesthetics’, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003)